smartctl

View a disk's SMART data and other information. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T for more information.

View SMART health summary:

sudo smartctl --health {{/dev/sda}}

View device information:

sudo smartctl --info {{/dev/sda}}

Begin a short self-test:

sudo smartctl --test short {{/dev/sda}}

View current/last self-test status and other SMART capabilities:

sudo smartctl --capabilities {{/dev/sda}}

View SMART self-test log (if supported):

sudo smartctl --log selftest {{/dev/sda}}