aphrodite-engine/kernels/mamba/mamba_ssm/selective_scan_fwd.cu

#include <torch/all.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include "selective_scan.h"

#include <c10/util/BFloat16.h>
#include <c10/util/Half.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAException.h>  // For C10_CUDA_CHECK and C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK

#ifndef USE_ROCM
  #include <cub/block/block_load.cuh>
  #include <cub/block/block_store.cuh>
  #include <cub/block/block_scan.cuh>
#else
  #include <hipcub/hipcub.hpp>
namespace cub = hipcub;
#endif

#include "selective_scan.h"
#include "static_switch.h"

template <int kNThreads_, int kNItems_, int kNRows_, bool kIsEvenLen_,
          bool kIsVariableB_, bool kIsVariableC_, bool kHasZ_, bool kUseIndex_,
          typename input_t_, typename weight_t_>
struct Selective_Scan_fwd_kernel_traits {
  static_assert(kNItems_ % 4 == 0);
  using input_t = input_t_;
  using weight_t = weight_t_;
  static constexpr int kNThreads = kNThreads_;
  // Setting MinBlocksPerMP to be 3 (instead of 2) for 128 threads improves
  // occupancy.
  static constexpr int kMinBlocks = kNThreads < 128 ? 5 : 3;
  static constexpr int kNItems = kNItems_;
  static constexpr int kNRows = kNRows_;
  static constexpr int kNBytes = sizeof(input_t);
  static_assert(kNBytes == 2 || kNBytes == 4);
  static constexpr int kNElts = kNBytes == 4 ? 4 : constexpr_min(8, kNItems);
  static_assert(kNItems % kNElts == 0);
  static constexpr int kNLoads = kNItems / kNElts;
  static constexpr bool kIsEvenLen = kIsEvenLen_;
  static constexpr bool kIsVariableB = kIsVariableB_;
  static constexpr bool kIsVariableC = kIsVariableC_;
  static constexpr bool kHasZ = kHasZ_;
  static constexpr bool kUseIndex = kUseIndex_;

  static constexpr bool kDirectIO = kIsEvenLen && kNLoads == 1;
  static constexpr int kNLoadsIndex = kNItems / 4;
  using vec_t = typename BytesToType<kNBytes * kNElts>::Type;
  using scan_t = float2;
  using BlockLoadT = cub::BlockLoad<input_t, kNThreads, kNItems,
                                    cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE>;
  using BlockLoadVecT =
      cub::BlockLoad<vec_t, kNThreads, kNLoads,
                     !kDirectIO ? cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE
                                : cub::BLOCK_LOAD_DIRECT>;
  using BlockLoadIndexT =
      cub::BlockLoad<int, kNThreads, kNItems, cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE>;
  using BlockLoadIndexVecT = cub::BlockLoad<uint4, kNThreads, kNLoadsIndex,
                                            !(kIsEvenLen && kNLoadsIndex == 1)
                                                ? cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE
                                                : cub::BLOCK_LOAD_DIRECT>;
  using BlockLoadWeightT = cub::BlockLoad<input_t, kNThreads, kNItems,
                                          cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE>;
  using BlockLoadWeightVecT =
      cub::BlockLoad<vec_t, kNThreads, kNLoads,
                     !kDirectIO ? cub::BLOCK_LOAD_WARP_TRANSPOSE
                                : cub::BLOCK_LOAD_DIRECT>;
  using BlockStoreT = cub::BlockStore<input_t, kNThreads, kNItems,
                                      cub::BLOCK_STORE_WARP_TRANSPOSE>;
  using BlockStoreVecT =
      cub::BlockStore<vec_t, kNThreads, kNLoads,
                      !kDirectIO ? cub::BLOCK_STORE_WARP_TRANSPOSE
                                 : cub::BLOCK_STORE_DIRECT>;
  // using BlockScanT = cub::BlockScan<scan_t, kNThreads,
  // cub::BLOCK_SCAN_RAKING_MEMOIZE>; using BlockScanT = cub::BlockScan<scan_t,
  // kNThreads, cub::BLOCK_SCAN_RAKING>;
  using BlockScanT =
      cub::BlockScan<scan_t, kNThreads, cub::BLOCK_SCAN_WARP_SCANS>;
  static constexpr int kSmemIOSize =
      custom_max({sizeof(typename BlockLoadT::TempStorage),
                  sizeof(typename BlockLoadVecT::TempStorage),
                  sizeof(typename BlockLoadIndexT::TempStorage),
                  sizeof(typename BlockLoadIndexVecT::TempStorage),
                  (int(kIsVariableB) + int(kIsVariableC)) *
                      sizeof(typename BlockLoadWeightT::TempStorage),
                  (int(kIsVariableB) + int(kIsVariableC)) *
                      sizeof(typename BlockLoadWeightVecT::TempStorage),
                  sizeof(typename BlockStoreT::TempStorage),
                  sizeof(typename BlockStoreVecT::TempStorage)});
  static constexpr int kSmemSize =
      kSmemIOSize + sizeof(typename BlockScanT::TempStorage);
};

template <typename Ktraits>
__global__ __launch_bounds__(
    Ktraits::kNThreads,
    Ktraits::kMinBlocks) void selective_scan_fwd_kernel(SSMParamsBase params) {
  constexpr bool kIsVariableB = Ktraits::kIsVariableB;
  constexpr bool kIsVariableC = Ktraits::kIsVariableC;
  constexpr bool kHasZ = Ktraits::kHasZ;
  constexpr bool kUseIndex = Ktraits::kUseIndex;
  constexpr int kNThreads = Ktraits::kNThreads;
  constexpr int kNItems = Ktraits::kNItems;
  constexpr int kNRows = Ktraits::kNRows;
  constexpr bool kDirectIO = Ktraits::kDirectIO;
  using input_t = typename Ktraits::input_t;
  using weight_t = typename Ktraits::weight_t;
  using scan_t = typename Ktraits::scan_t;

  // Shared memory.
  extern __shared__ char smem_[];
  // cast to lvalue reference of expected type
  // char *smem_loadstorescan = smem_ + 2 * MAX_DSTATE * sizeof(weight_t);
  // auto& smem_load = reinterpret_cast<typename BlockLoadT::TempStorage&>(smem_
  // + 2 * MAX_DSTATE * sizeof(weight_t)); auto& smem_load =
  // reinterpret_cast<typename BlockLoadT::TempStorage&>(smem_loadstorescan);
  auto& smem_load =
      reinterpret_cast<typename Ktraits::BlockLoadT::TempStorage&>(smem_);
  [[maybe_unused]] auto& smem_load_weight =
      reinterpret_cast<typename Ktraits::BlockLoadWeightT::TempStorage&>(smem_);
  [[maybe_unused]] auto& smem_load_index =
      reinterpret_cast<typename Ktraits::BlockLoadIndexT::TempStorage&>(smem_);
  [[maybe_unused]] auto& smem_load_weight1 =
      *reinterpret_cast<typename Ktraits::BlockLoadWeightT::TempStorage*>(
          smem_ + sizeof(typename Ktraits::BlockLoadWeightT::TempStorage));
  auto& smem_store =
      reinterpret_cast<typename Ktraits::BlockStoreT::TempStorage&>(smem_);
  auto& smem_scan =
      *reinterpret_cast<typename Ktraits::BlockScanT::TempStorage*>(
          smem_ + Ktraits::kSmemIOSize);
  // weight_t *smem_a = reinterpret_cast<weight_t *>(smem_ +
  // smem_loadstorescan_size); weight_t *smem_bc = reinterpret_cast<weight_t
  // *>(smem_a + MAX_DSTATE);
  scan_t* smem_running_prefix =
      reinterpret_cast<scan_t*>(smem_ + Ktraits::kSmemSize);

  const int batch_id = blockIdx.x;
  const int dim_id = blockIdx.y;
  const int group_id = dim_id / (params.dim_ngroups_ratio);
  input_t* u = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.u_ptr) +
               batch_id * params.u_batch_stride +
               dim_id * kNRows * params.u_d_stride;
  input_t* delta = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.delta_ptr) +
                   batch_id * params.delta_batch_stride +
                   dim_id * kNRows * params.delta_d_stride;
  weight_t* A = reinterpret_cast<weight_t*>(params.A_ptr) +
                dim_id * kNRows * params.A_d_stride;
  [[maybe_unused]] weight_t* B = reinterpret_cast<weight_t*>(params.B_ptr) +
                                 dim_id * kNRows * params.B_d_stride;
  input_t* Bvar = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.B_ptr) +
                  batch_id * params.B_batch_stride +
                  group_id * params.B_group_stride;
  [[maybe_unused]] weight_t* C = reinterpret_cast<weight_t*>(params.C_ptr) +
                                 dim_id * kNRows * params.C_d_stride;
  input_t* Cvar = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.C_ptr) +
                  batch_id * params.C_batch_stride +
                  group_id * params.C_group_stride;
  scan_t* x = reinterpret_cast<scan_t*>(params.x_ptr) +
              (batch_id * params.dim + dim_id * kNRows) * params.n_chunks *
                  params.dstate;
  [[maybe_unused]] int* index =
      !kUseIndex
          ? nullptr
          : reinterpret_cast<int*>(params.index_ptr) + batch_id * params.seqlen;

  float D_val[kNRows] = {0};
  if (params.D_ptr != nullptr) {
#pragma unroll
    for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
      D_val[r] = reinterpret_cast<float*>(params.D_ptr)[dim_id * kNRows + r];
    }
  }
  float delta_bias[kNRows] = {0};
  if (params.delta_bias_ptr != nullptr) {
#pragma unroll
    for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
      delta_bias[r] =
          reinterpret_cast<float*>(params.delta_bias_ptr)[dim_id * kNRows + r];
    }
  }

  // for (int state_idx = threadIdx.x; state_idx < params.dstate; state_idx +=
  // blockDim.x) {
  //     smem_a[state_idx] = A[state_idx * params.A_dstate_stride];
  //     smem_bc[state_idx] = B[state_idx * params.B_dstate_stride] *
  //     C[state_idx * params.C_dstate_stride];
  // }

  constexpr int kChunkSize = kNThreads * kNItems;
  for (int chunk = 0; chunk < params.n_chunks; ++chunk) {
    input_t u_vals[kNRows][kNItems], delta_vals_load[kNRows][kNItems];
    [[maybe_unused]] int index_vals_load[kNRows][kNItems];

    __syncthreads();
#pragma unroll
    for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
      if constexpr (!kDirectIO) {
        if (r > 0) {
          __syncthreads();
        }
      }
      load_input<Ktraits>(u + r * params.u_d_stride, u_vals[r], smem_load,
                          params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize);
      if constexpr (!kDirectIO) {
        __syncthreads();
      }
      load_input<Ktraits>(delta + r * params.delta_d_stride, delta_vals_load[r],
                          smem_load, params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize);
      if constexpr (kUseIndex) {
        load_index<Ktraits>(index + r * params.delta_d_stride,
                            index_vals_load[r], smem_load_index,
                            params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize);
      }
    }
    if constexpr (kUseIndex) {
      index += kChunkSize;
    }
    u += kChunkSize;
    delta += kChunkSize;

    float delta_vals[kNRows][kNItems], delta_u_vals[kNRows][kNItems],
        out_vals[kNRows][kNItems];
#pragma unroll
    for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
#pragma unroll
      for (int i = 0; i < kNItems; ++i) {
        float u_val = float(u_vals[r][i]);
        delta_vals[r][i] = float(delta_vals_load[r][i]) + delta_bias[r];
        if (params.delta_softplus) {
          delta_vals[r][i] = delta_vals[r][i] <= 20.f
                                 ? log1pf(expf(delta_vals[r][i]))
                                 : delta_vals[r][i];
        }
        delta_u_vals[r][i] = delta_vals[r][i] * u_val;
        out_vals[r][i] = D_val[r] * u_val;
      }
    }

    __syncthreads();
    for (int state_idx = 0; state_idx < params.dstate; ++state_idx) {
      weight_t A_val[kNRows];
#pragma unroll
      for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
        A_val[r] =
            A[state_idx * params.A_dstate_stride + r * params.A_d_stride];
        // Multiply the real part of A with LOG2E so we can use exp2f instead of
        // expf.
        constexpr float kLog2e = M_LOG2E;
        A_val[r] *= kLog2e;
      }
      // This variable holds B * C if both B and C are constant across seqlen.
      // If only B varies across seqlen, this holds C. If only C varies across
      // seqlen, this holds B. If both B and C vary, this is unused.
      weight_t BC_val[kNRows];
      weight_t B_vals[kNItems], C_vals[kNItems];
      if constexpr (kIsVariableB) {
        load_weight<Ktraits>(Bvar + state_idx * params.B_dstate_stride, B_vals,
                             smem_load_weight,
                             (params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize) * (1));
        if constexpr (!kIsVariableC) {
#pragma unroll
          for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
            BC_val[r] =
                C[state_idx * params.C_dstate_stride + r * params.C_d_stride];
          }
        }
      }
      if constexpr (kIsVariableC) {
        auto& smem_load_weight_C =
            !kIsVariableB ? smem_load_weight : smem_load_weight1;
        load_weight<Ktraits>(Cvar + state_idx * params.C_dstate_stride, C_vals,
                             smem_load_weight_C,
                             (params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize) * (1));
        if constexpr (!kIsVariableB) {
#pragma unroll
          for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
            BC_val[r] =
                B[state_idx * params.B_dstate_stride + r * params.B_d_stride];
          }
        }
      }
      if constexpr (!kIsVariableB && !kIsVariableC) {
#pragma unroll
        for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
          BC_val[r] =
              B[state_idx * params.B_dstate_stride + r * params.B_d_stride] *
              C[state_idx * params.C_dstate_stride + r * params.C_d_stride];
        }
      }

#pragma unroll
      for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
        if (r > 0) {
          __syncthreads();
        }  // Scan could be using the same smem
        scan_t thread_data[kNItems];
#pragma unroll
        for (int i = 0; i < kNItems; ++i) {
          thread_data[i] =
              make_float2(exp2f(delta_vals[r][i] * A_val[r]),
                          !kIsVariableB ? delta_u_vals[r][i]
                                        : B_vals[i] * delta_u_vals[r][i]);

          // Reset A bar for cumulative sequences (Real)
          if constexpr (kUseIndex) {
            if (index_vals_load[r][i] == 0) {
              thread_data[i].x = 0.f;
            }
          }

          if constexpr (!Ktraits::kIsEvenLen) {  // So that the last state is
                                                 // correct
            if (threadIdx.x * kNItems + i >=
                params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize) {
              thread_data[i] = make_float2(1.f, 0.f);
            }
          }
        }
        // Initialize running total
        scan_t running_prefix;
        // If we use WARP_SCAN then all lane 0 of all warps (not just thread 0)
        // needs to read
        running_prefix =
            chunk == 0 ? x[(r * params.n_chunks) * params.dstate + state_idx]
                       : (threadIdx.x % 32 == 0
                              ? smem_running_prefix[state_idx + r * MAX_DSTATE]
                              : make_float2(1.f, 0.f));
        // running_prefix = chunk > 0 && threadIdx.x == 0 ?
        // smem_running_prefix[state_idx] : make_float2(1.f, 0.f);
        SSMScanPrefixCallbackOp<weight_t> prefix_op(running_prefix);
        typename Ktraits::BlockScanT(smem_scan).InclusiveScan(
            thread_data, thread_data, SSMScanOp<weight_t>(), prefix_op);
        // There's a syncthreads in the scan op, so we don't need to sync here.
        // Unless there's only 1 warp, but then it's the same thread (0) reading
        // and writing.
        if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
          smem_running_prefix[state_idx] = prefix_op.running_prefix;
          x[(r * params.n_chunks + chunk) * params.dstate + state_idx] =
              prefix_op.running_prefix;
        }
#pragma unroll
        for (int i = 0; i < kNItems; ++i) {
          const weight_t C_val =
              !kIsVariableC
                  ? BC_val[r]
                  : (!kIsVariableB ? BC_val[r] * C_vals[i] : C_vals[i]);
          out_vals[r][i] += thread_data[i].y * C_val;
        }
      }
    }

    input_t* out = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.out_ptr) +
                   batch_id * params.out_batch_stride +
                   dim_id * kNRows * params.out_d_stride + chunk * kChunkSize;
    __syncthreads();
#pragma unroll
    for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
      if constexpr (!kDirectIO) {
        if (r > 0) {
          __syncthreads();
        }
      }
      store_output<Ktraits>(out + r * params.out_d_stride, out_vals[r],
                            smem_store, params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize);
    }

    if constexpr (kHasZ) {
      input_t* z = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.z_ptr) +
                   batch_id * params.z_batch_stride +
                   dim_id * kNRows * params.z_d_stride + chunk * kChunkSize;
      input_t* out_z = reinterpret_cast<input_t*>(params.out_z_ptr) +
                       batch_id * params.out_z_batch_stride +
                       dim_id * kNRows * params.out_z_d_stride +
                       chunk * kChunkSize;
#pragma unroll
      for (int r = 0; r < kNRows; ++r) {
        input_t z_vals[kNItems];
        __syncthreads();
        load_input<Ktraits>(z + r * params.z_d_stride, z_vals, smem_load,
                            params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize);
#pragma unroll
        for (int i = 0; i < kNItems; ++i) {
          float z_val = z_vals[i];
          out_vals[r][i] *= z_val / (1 + expf(-z_val));
        }
        __syncthreads();
        store_output<Ktraits>(out_z + r * params.out_z_d_stride, out_vals[r],
                              smem_store, params.seqlen - chunk * kChunkSize);
      }
    }

    Bvar += kChunkSize * 1;
    Cvar += kChunkSize * 1;
  }
}

template <int kNThreads, int kNItems, typename input_t, typename weight_t>
void selective_scan_fwd_launch(SSMParamsBase& params, cudaStream_t stream) {
  // Only kNRows == 1 is tested for now, which ofc doesn't differ from
  // previously when we had each block processing 1 row.
  static constexpr int kNRows = 1;
  BOOL_SWITCH(params.seqlen % (kNThreads * kNItems) == 0, kIsEvenLen, [&] {
    BOOL_SWITCH(params.is_variable_B, kIsVariableB, [&] {
      BOOL_SWITCH(params.is_variable_C, kIsVariableC, [&] {
        BOOL_SWITCH(params.z_ptr != nullptr, kHasZ, [&] {
          BOOL_SWITCH(params.index_ptr != nullptr, kUseIndex, [&] {
            using Ktraits = Selective_Scan_fwd_kernel_traits<
                kNThreads, kNItems, kNRows, kIsEvenLen, kIsVariableB,
                kIsVariableC, kHasZ, kUseIndex, input_t, weight_t>;
            // constexpr int kSmemSize = Ktraits::kSmemSize;
            constexpr int kSmemSize =
                Ktraits::kSmemSize +
                kNRows * MAX_DSTATE * sizeof(typename Ktraits::scan_t);
            dim3 grid(params.batch, params.dim / kNRows);
            auto kernel = &selective_scan_fwd_kernel<Ktraits>;
            if (kSmemSize >= 48 * 1024) {
              C10_CUDA_CHECK(cudaFuncSetAttribute(
                  kernel, cudaFuncAttributeMaxDynamicSharedMemorySize,
                  kSmemSize));
            }
            kernel<<<grid, Ktraits::kNThreads, kSmemSize, stream>>>(params);
            C10_CUDA_KERNEL_LAUNCH_CHECK();
          });
        });
      });
    });
  });
}

template <typename input_t, typename weight_t>
void selective_scan_fwd_cuda(SSMParamsBase& params, cudaStream_t stream) {
#ifndef USE_ROCM
  if (params.seqlen <= 128) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<32, 4, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else if (params.seqlen <= 256) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<32, 8, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else if (params.seqlen <= 512) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<32, 16, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else if (params.seqlen <= 1024) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<64, 16, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<128, 16, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  }
#else
  if (params.seqlen <= 256) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<64, 4, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else if (params.seqlen <= 512) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<64, 8, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else if (params.seqlen <= 1024) {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<64, 16, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  } else {
    selective_scan_fwd_launch<128, 16, input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
  }
#endif
}

template void selective_scan_fwd_cuda<at::BFloat16, float>(
    SSMParamsBase& params, cudaStream_t stream);
template void selective_scan_fwd_cuda<at::Half, float>(SSMParamsBase& params,
                                                       cudaStream_t stream);
template void selective_scan_fwd_cuda<float, float>(SSMParamsBase& params,
                                                    cudaStream_t stream);

#define CHECK_SHAPE(x, ...)                                   \
  TORCH_CHECK(x.sizes() == torch::IntArrayRef({__VA_ARGS__}), \
              #x " must have shape (" #__VA_ARGS__ ")")

#define DISPATCH_ITYPE_FLOAT_AND_HALF_AND_BF16(ITYPE, NAME, ...)          \
  if (ITYPE == at::ScalarType::Half) {                                    \
    using input_t = at::Half;                                             \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                        \
  } else if (ITYPE == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {                         \
    using input_t = at::BFloat16;                                         \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                        \
  } else if (ITYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                            \
    using input_t = float;                                                \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                        \
  } else {                                                                \
    AT_ERROR(#NAME, " not implemented for input type '", toString(ITYPE), \
             "'");                                                        \
  }

#define DISPATCH_WTYPE_FLOAT_AND_HALF_AND_BF16(WTYPE, NAME, ...)           \
  if (WTYPE == at::ScalarType::Half) {                                     \
    using weight_t = at::Half;                                             \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                         \
  } else if (WTYPE == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {                          \
    using weight_t = at::BFloat16;                                         \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                         \
  } else if (WTYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                             \
    using weight_t = float;                                                \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                         \
  } else {                                                                 \
    AT_ERROR(#NAME, " not implemented for weight type '", toString(WTYPE), \
             "'");                                                         \
  }

#define DISPATCH_WTYPE_FLOAT(WTYPE, NAME, ...)                             \
  if (WTYPE == at::ScalarType::Float) {                                    \
    using weight_t = float;                                                \
    __VA_ARGS__();                                                         \
  } else {                                                                 \
    AT_ERROR(#NAME, " not implemented for weight type '", toString(WTYPE), \
             "'");                                                         \
  }

template <typename input_t, typename weight_t>
void selective_scan_fwd_cuda(SSMParamsBase& params, cudaStream_t stream);

void set_ssm_params_fwd(SSMParamsBase& params,
                        // sizes
                        const size_t batch, const size_t dim,
                        const size_t seqlen, const size_t dstate,
                        const size_t n_groups, const size_t n_chunks,
                        const bool is_variable_B, const bool is_variable_C,
                        // device pointers
                        const torch::Tensor u, const torch::Tensor delta,
                        const torch::Tensor A, const torch::Tensor B,
                        const torch::Tensor C, const torch::Tensor out,
                        const torch::Tensor z, const torch::Tensor out_z,
                        void* D_ptr, void* delta_bias_ptr, void* x_ptr,
                        bool has_z, bool delta_softplus, void* index_ptr) {
  // Reset the parameters
  memset(&params, 0, sizeof(params));

  params.batch = batch;
  params.dim = dim;
  params.seqlen = seqlen;
  params.dstate = dstate;
  params.n_groups = n_groups;
  params.n_chunks = n_chunks;
  params.dim_ngroups_ratio = dim / n_groups;

  params.delta_softplus = delta_softplus;

  params.is_variable_B = is_variable_B;
  params.is_variable_C = is_variable_C;

  // Set the pointers and strides.
  params.u_ptr = u.data_ptr();
  params.delta_ptr = delta.data_ptr();
  params.A_ptr = A.data_ptr();
  params.B_ptr = B.data_ptr();
  params.C_ptr = C.data_ptr();
  params.D_ptr = D_ptr;
  params.delta_bias_ptr = delta_bias_ptr;
  params.out_ptr = out.data_ptr();
  params.x_ptr = x_ptr;
  params.z_ptr = has_z ? z.data_ptr() : nullptr;
  params.out_z_ptr = has_z ? out_z.data_ptr() : nullptr;

  params.index_ptr = index_ptr;

  // All stride are in elements, not bytes.
  params.A_d_stride = A.stride(0);
  params.A_dstate_stride = A.stride(1);
  if (!is_variable_B) {
    params.B_d_stride = B.stride(0);
  } else {
    params.B_batch_stride = B.stride(0);
    params.B_group_stride = B.stride(1);
  }
  params.B_dstate_stride = !is_variable_B ? B.stride(1) : B.stride(2);
  if (!is_variable_C) {
    params.C_d_stride = C.stride(0);
  } else {
    params.C_batch_stride = C.stride(0);
    params.C_group_stride = C.stride(1);
  }
  params.C_dstate_stride = !is_variable_C ? C.stride(1) : C.stride(2);
  params.u_batch_stride = u.stride(0);
  params.u_d_stride = u.stride(1);
  params.delta_batch_stride = delta.stride(0);
  params.delta_d_stride = delta.stride(1);
  if (has_z) {
    params.z_batch_stride = z.stride(0);
    params.z_d_stride = z.stride(1);
    params.out_z_batch_stride = out_z.stride(0);
    params.out_z_d_stride = out_z.stride(1);
  }
  params.out_batch_stride = out.stride(0);
  params.out_d_stride = out.stride(1);
}

std::vector<torch::Tensor> selective_scan_fwd(
    const torch::Tensor& u, const torch::Tensor& delta, const torch::Tensor& A,
    const torch::Tensor& B, const torch::Tensor& C,
    const c10::optional<torch::Tensor>& D_,
    const c10::optional<torch::Tensor>& z_,
    const c10::optional<torch::Tensor>& delta_bias_, bool delta_softplus,
    const c10::optional<torch::Tensor>& index_,
    const c10::optional<torch::Tensor>& x) {
  auto input_type = u.scalar_type();
  auto weight_type = A.scalar_type();
  TORCH_CHECK(input_type == at::ScalarType::Float ||
              input_type == at::ScalarType::Half ||
              input_type == at::ScalarType::BFloat16);
  TORCH_CHECK(weight_type == at::ScalarType::Float ||
              weight_type == at::ScalarType::ComplexFloat);

  const bool is_variable_B = B.dim() >= 3;
  const bool is_variable_C = C.dim() >= 3;
  const bool is_complex = weight_type == at::ScalarType::ComplexFloat;

  TORCH_CHECK(delta.scalar_type() == input_type);
  TORCH_CHECK(B.scalar_type() == (!is_variable_B ? weight_type : input_type));
  TORCH_CHECK(C.scalar_type() == (!is_variable_C ? weight_type : input_type));

  TORCH_CHECK(u.is_cuda());
  TORCH_CHECK(delta.is_cuda());
  TORCH_CHECK(A.is_cuda());
  TORCH_CHECK(B.is_cuda());
  TORCH_CHECK(C.is_cuda());

  TORCH_CHECK(u.stride(-1) == 1 || u.size(-1) == 1);
  TORCH_CHECK(delta.stride(-1) == 1 || delta.size(-1) == 1);

  const auto sizes = u.sizes();
  const int batch_size = sizes[0];
  const int dim = sizes[1];
  const int seqlen = sizes[2];
  const int dstate = A.size(1);
  const int n_groups = is_variable_B ? B.size(1) : 1;

  TORCH_CHECK(dstate <= 256,
              "selective_scan only supports state dimension <= 256");

  CHECK_SHAPE(u, batch_size, dim, seqlen);
  CHECK_SHAPE(delta, batch_size, dim, seqlen);
  CHECK_SHAPE(A, dim, dstate);
  if (!is_variable_B) {
    CHECK_SHAPE(B, dim, dstate);
  } else {
    CHECK_SHAPE(B, batch_size, n_groups, dstate,
                !is_complex ? seqlen : seqlen * 2);
    TORCH_CHECK(B.stride(-1) == 1 || B.size(-1) == 1);
  }
  if (!is_variable_C) {
    CHECK_SHAPE(C, dim, dstate);
  } else {
    CHECK_SHAPE(C, batch_size, n_groups, dstate,
                !is_complex ? seqlen : seqlen * 2);
    TORCH_CHECK(C.stride(-1) == 1 || C.size(-1) == 1);
  }

  if (D_.has_value()) {
    auto D = D_.value();
    TORCH_CHECK(D.scalar_type() == at::ScalarType::Float);
    TORCH_CHECK(D.is_cuda());
    TORCH_CHECK(D.stride(-1) == 1 || D.size(-1) == 1);
    CHECK_SHAPE(D, dim);
  }

  if (delta_bias_.has_value()) {
    auto delta_bias = delta_bias_.value();
    TORCH_CHECK(delta_bias.scalar_type() == at::ScalarType::Float);
    TORCH_CHECK(delta_bias.is_cuda());
    TORCH_CHECK(delta_bias.stride(-1) == 1 || delta_bias.size(-1) == 1);
    CHECK_SHAPE(delta_bias, dim);
  }
  if (index_.has_value()) {
    auto index = index_.value();
    TORCH_CHECK(index.scalar_type() == at::ScalarType::Int);
    TORCH_CHECK(index.is_cuda());
    CHECK_SHAPE(index, batch_size, seqlen);
  }

  at::Tensor z, out_z;
  const bool has_z = z_.has_value();
  if (has_z) {
    z = z_.value();
    TORCH_CHECK(z.scalar_type() == input_type);
    TORCH_CHECK(z.is_cuda());
    TORCH_CHECK(z.stride(-1) == 1 || z.size(-1) == 1);
    CHECK_SHAPE(z, batch_size, dim, seqlen);
    out_z = torch::empty_like(z);
  }

  const int n_chunks = (seqlen + 2048 - 1) / 2048;
  // const int n_chunks = (seqlen + 1024 - 1) / 1024;
  // at::Tensor out = torch::empty_like(u);
  // Right now u has BHL layout and delta has HBL layout, and we want out to
  // have HBL layout
  at::Tensor out = torch::empty_like(delta);
  if (x.has_value()) {
    auto _x = x.value();
    TORCH_CHECK(_x.scalar_type() == weight_type);
    TORCH_CHECK(_x.is_cuda());
    TORCH_CHECK(_x.stride(-1) == 1);
    CHECK_SHAPE(_x, batch_size, dim, n_chunks, dstate * 2);
  }

  SSMParamsBase params;
  set_ssm_params_fwd(
      params, batch_size, dim, seqlen, dstate, n_groups, n_chunks,
      is_variable_B, is_variable_C, u, delta, A, B, C, out, z, out_z,
      D_.has_value() ? D_.value().data_ptr() : nullptr,
      delta_bias_.has_value() ? delta_bias_.value().data_ptr() : nullptr,
      x.value().data_ptr(), has_z, delta_softplus,
      index_.has_value() ? index_.value().data_ptr() : nullptr);

  // Otherwise the kernel will be launched from cuda:0 device
  // Cast to char to avoid compiler warning about narrowing
  at::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard{(char)u.get_device()};
  auto stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream().stream();
  DISPATCH_ITYPE_FLOAT_AND_HALF_AND_BF16(
      u.scalar_type(), "selective_scan_fwd", [&] {
        DISPATCH_WTYPE_FLOAT(A.scalar_type(), "selective_scan_fwd", [&] {
          selective_scan_fwd_cuda<input_t, weight_t>(params, stream);
        });
      });
  std::vector<at::Tensor> result = {out, x.value()};
  if (has_z) {
    result.push_back(out_z);
  }
  return result;
}